Apache安装配置优化(2)
关于超时的问题
在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候，经常会出现因为超时，或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题，原因有二，一是代码的不科学性，二是 apache 的设置问题。
以下是对设置的一点改动：
代码:
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than # KeepAlive Off # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0 # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request # KeepAliveTimeout 0 |
? 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行，将参数由 common 改成 combined
代码:
| # If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles, # uncomment the following directives. CustomLog logs/referer_log referer CustomLog logs/agent_log agent CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined |
使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数
Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。
代码:
| ##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking: # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.39 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff # ./buildconf # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install |
安装过程
| # lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.48 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff patching file configure.in Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines). patching file include/scoreboard.h patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines). patching file server/scoreboard.c # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /usr/local/apache2/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so [activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf] |
检查 httpd.conf 文件，发现增加了一下一行
代码:
| LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so |
同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。
代码:
| ExtendedStatus On # Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so # exempting images from the connection limit is often a good # idea if your web page has lots of inline images, since these # pages often generate a flurry of concurrent image requests # NoIPLimit image/* # In this case, all MIME types other than audio/mpeg and video* # are exempt from the limit check # OnlyIPLimit audio/mpeg video |
注意： LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so 必须放在虚拟服务器之前！否则不能启动。
定制 Apache index 目录
在 Apache 中设置目录 有 Options Indexes 属性的时候，可以索引文件夹内容，但是如果要定制显示的内容，就必须添加以下几行到各个服务器的设置中去。（可以是全局，也可以是虚拟服务器或者目录） MODULE: mod_autoindex
代码:
| ReadmeName /README.shtml HeaderName /HEADER.shtml IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble FancyIndexing VersionSort FoldersFirst NameWidth=* (Optoional) |
但是，我在按照步骤，添加以上设置、设置文件夹可被索引属性、制作页首和页尾上传后，仍旧发现不能显示。最终发现，由于我安装了 PHP, 为了使得 PHP 代码可以被嵌入 .html 和 .htm 文档中，我将 httpd.conf 中的一条属性设置为：
代码:
| AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html .htm |
这使得 apache 不能识别原本设置的 README.html 和 HEADER.html,以下这点是从apache 的文档中找到类似的解说.
参考:
代码:
| Filename must resolve to a document with a major content type of text/* ( e.g. , text/html , text/plain , etc.). This means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such as with a directive like: AddType text/html .cgi Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes or IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation). |
我将上述 PHP 的 Type 的最终 .html 和 .htm 去掉以后，就可以正常显示了。于是想办法新添加一个种后缀名为 README 和 HEADER 专用：
代码:
| AddType text/html .shtml |
然后修改 README.html 和 HEADER.html 为 README.shtml 和 HEADER.shtml 即可。
要注意的是，因为我要列出的目录都为 open source, 所以有很多名字为“ README ”的文件。因此，要将其中的一条配置做小小的修改。（就是隐藏某些文件的配置）
代码:
| IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER.* README.* RCS CVS *,v *,t |
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