架设某大型网站服务器之全部过程
根据开发设计需求架设大型的网站服务器。
主要软件:
apache jboss oracle
简称:LAJO
apache php mysql
简称:LAMP
proftpd mysql
简称:LPM
ssh expect
iptables
bind
mail
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海量用户访问
海量用户存储
(国内外互通)
南北互通.
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1.保证高要求高质量高性能,需要选择系*nix操作平台(这里选择as4.3);
2.保证高访问量高数据处理,需要选数商业数据库(这里选择oracle9.2.0.4);
3.解决南北互通(包括国内外互通),需要架设基于bind-view功能的智能DNS服务器.
4.使用流行的B/S,C/S程序架构,需要选择了JBOSS服务器.
5.更好地处理静态页面效果,需要选择了Apache服务器.
6.根据程序注册用户与上传要求,需要架设ftp服务器.
7.时时自动化系统监控,需要架设LAPM服务器.(这里使用软件cacti).
8.公司与客户交流,需要架设邮件服务器.(这里使用postfix extmail).
9.自动化文件数据处理与安全设置,需expect ssh iptables结合shell脚本.
10.海量,需要集群负载均衡与配备存储设备.
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具体流程:
1.硬件采购.
这里略.
2.操作系统安装
安装redhat as 4.3
系统空间划分(略)
安装开发环境,DNS,LAMP环境所需软件包.
并确认以下包已安装:
compat-db
compat-gcc
compat-gcc-32
compat-oracle-rhel4
compat-libcwait
compat-libgcc
compat-libstdc -296
compat-libstdc -33
gcc
gcc-c
gnome-libs
gnome-libs-devel
libaio-devel
libaio
make
openmotif21
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs
sysstat disk4
openmotif21 disk3
libaio disk3
libaio-devel disk3
freetype-devel disk3
fontconfig-devel disk3
xorg-x11-devel- disk3
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel- disk3
glib-devel disk4
orBit-devel disk4
gtk -devel disk4
alsa-lib-devel disk3
audiofile-devel disk3
esound-devel- disk3
libjpeg-devel- disk3
libtiff-devel- disk3
libungif-devel- disk3
imlib-devel disk4
gnome-libs-devel disk4
expect disk4
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#rpm –ivh kernel-elhugemem….rpm |
#cat /etc/grub.conf
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,1)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda8
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-22.ELhugemem)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.ELhugemem ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.ELhugemem.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-22.ELsmp)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.ELsmp.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS-up (2.6.9-22.EL)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.EL.img
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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如果hiddenmenu，下面的内容顺序不对,请修改default=x(x对应ELhugemem项)
重启并加载另外2G内存.
这样让系统支持4G内存的正常运行.
2)系统安装完毕请作连接:
#ln –s /tmp /temp |
由于要南北互通,开源得只有使用view的ACL访问控制列表文件来实现多线路的自动导向.
(当然也有其他的商业解决办法,比如智能路由与交换机的设置来实现,我们这里使用开源的而且容易实现与调整的解决软件bind)
关于view的ACL获得办法有很多途径,这里不一一商讨.
具体架设参考如下
默认安装的bind为9系列的,已经支持view,配置分为三步骤分别如下所示.
(1)修改named.conf
(2)创建与配置hosts
(3)域名解析
#vi /etc/named.conf
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
//
// named.conf for Red Hat caching-nameserver
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
// query-source address * port 53;
};
//
// a caching only nameserver config
//
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";
//modify by mingfu 060404
acl "CNC" {
58.16.0.0/16;
58.17.0.0/17;
58.17.128.0/17;
58.18.0.0/16;
58.19.0.0/16;
58.20.0.0/16;
58.21.0.0/16;
58.22.0.0/15;
58.240.0.0/15;
58.242.0.0/15;
58.244.0.0/15;
58.246.0.0/15;
58.248.0.0/13;
60.0.0.0/13;
60.8.0.0/15;
60.10.0.0/16;
60.11.0.0/16;
60.12.0.0/16;
60.13.0.0/18;
60.13.128.0/17;
60.14.0.0/15;
60.16.0.0/13;
60.24.0.0/14;
60.30.0.0/16;
60.31.0.0/16;
60.208.0.0/13;
60.216.0.0/15;
60.218.0.0/15;
60.220.0.0/14;
61.48.0.0/13;
61.133.0.0/17;
61.134.96.0/19;
61.134.128.0/17;
61.135.0.0/16;
61.137.128.0/17;
61.138.0.0/17;
61.138.128.0/18;
61.139.128.0/18;
61.148.0.0/15;
61.156.0.0/16;
61.159.0.0/18;
61.161.0.0/18;
61.161.128.0/17;
61.162.0.0/16;
61.163.0.0/16;
61.167.0.0/16;
61.168.0.0/16;
61.176.0.0/16;
61.179.0.0/16;
61.181.0.0/16;
61.182.0.0/16;
61.189.0.0/17;
125.32.0.0/16;
125.40.0.0/13;
202.96.0.0/18;
202.96.64.0/21;
202.96.72.0/21;
202.97.128.0/18;
202.97.224.0/21;
202.97.240.0/20;
202.98.0.0/21;
202.98.8.0/21;
202.99.64.0/19;
202.99.96.0/21;
202.99.128.0/19;
202.99.160.0/21;
202.99.168.0/21;
202.99.176.0/20;
202.99.208.0/20;
202.99.224.0/21;
202.99.232.0/21;
202.99.240.0/20;
202.102.128.0/21;
202.102.224.0/21;
202.102.232.0/21;
202.106.0.0/16;
202.107.0.0/17;
202.108.0.0/16;
202.110.0.0/17;
202.111.128.0/18;
203.93.8.0/24;
203.93.192.0/18;
210.13.128.0/17;
210.14.160.0/19;
210.14.192.0/19;
210.15.32.0/19;
210.15.96.0/19;
210.15.128.0/18;
210.21.0.0/16;
210.52.128.0/17;
210.53.0.0/17;
210.53.128.0/17;
210.74.96.0/19;
210.74.128.0/19;
210.82.0.0/15;
218.8.0.0/14;
218.12.0.0/16;
218.21.128.0/17;
218.24.0.0/14;
218.56.0.0/14;
218.60.0.0/15;
218.67.128.0/17;
218.68.0.0/15;
218.104.0.0/14;
219.154.0.0/15;
219.156.0.0/15;
219.158.0.0/17;
219.158.128.0/17;
219.159.0.0/18;
220.252.0.0/16;
221.0.0.0/15;
221.2.0.0/16;
221.3.0.0/17;
221.3.128.0/17;
221.4.0.0/16;
221.5.0.0/17;
221.5.128.0/17;
221.6.0.0/16;
221.7.0.0/19;
221.7.32.0/19;
221.7.64.0/19;
221.7.96.0/19;
221.8.0.0/15;
221.10.0.0/16;
221.11.0.0/17;
221.11.128.0/18;
221.11.192.0/19;
221.12.0.0/17;
221.12.128.0/18;
221.13.0.0/18;
221.13.64.0/19;
221.13.96.0/19;
221.13.128.0/17;
221.14.0.0/15;
221.192.0.0/15;
221.194.0.0/16;
221.195.0.0/16;
221.196.0.0/15;
221.198.0.0/16;
221.199.0.0/19;
221.199.32.0/20;
221.199.128.0/18;
221.199.192.0/20;
221.200.0.0/14;
221.204.0.0/15;
221.206.0.0/16;
221.207.0.0/18;
221.207.64.0/18;
221.207.128.0/17;
221.208.0.0/14;
221.212.0.0/16;
221.213.0.0/16;
221.216.0.0/13;
222.128.0.0/14;
222.132.0.0/14;
222.136.0.0/13;
222.160.0.0/15;
222.162.0.0/16;
222.163.0.0/19;
222.163.32.0/19;
222.163.64.0/18;
222.163.128.0/17;
};
view "view_cnc" {
match-clients { CNC; };
zone "." {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "localhost.rev";
};
include "master/cnc.def";
};
view "view_any" {
match-clients { any; };
zone "." {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "localhost.rev";
};
include "master/telecom.def";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
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#mkdir /var/named/master
#mkdir /var/named/master/cnc
#mkdir /var/named/master/telecom
#touch /var/named/master/cnc.def
#touch /var/named/master/telecom.def
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@Zone区文件配置:
Master/Cnc.def 网通
Master/Telecom.def 电信
*.def文件里面为解析域名的zone配置区设置部分.
@Hosts 区文件配置
Master/Cnc 网通
Master/Telecom 电信
下面以解析www.xxxx.com为例
#vi /var/named/master/cnc.def
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
zone "xxxx.com" {
type master;
file "master/cnc/xxxx.com";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/telecom.def
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
zone "xxxx.com" {
type master;
file "master/telecom/xxxx.com";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/cnc/xxxx.com
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
$TTL 3600
$ORIGIN xxxx.com.
@ IN SOA ns.xxxx.com. root.ns.xxxx.com.(
2005121013 ;Serial
3600 ; Refresh ( seconds )
900 ; Retry ( seconds )
68400 ; Expire ( seconds )
15 );Minimum TTL for Zone ( seconds )
;
@ IN NS ns.xxxx.com.
@ IN MX xxxx.com.
;;ip for cnc
@ IN A x.x.x.x(网通IP)
www IN A x.x.x.x(网通IP)
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/telecom/xxxx.com
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
$TTL 3600
$ORIGIN xxxx.com.
@ IN SOA ns.xxxx.com. root.ns.xxxx.com.(
2005121013 ;Serial
3600 ; Refresh ( seconds )
900 ; Retry ( seconds )
68400 ; Expire ( seconds )
15 );Minimum TTL for Zone ( seconds )
;
@ IN NS ns.xxxx.com.
@ IN MX xxxx.com.
;;ip for telecom
@ IN A x.x.x.x(电信IP)
www IN A x.x.x.x(电信IP)
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
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